When tree pits lack adequate space, roots are often confined and forced to seek alternative paths.

Walking along the pavements of Malaysia can feel like a journey straight out of the American Ninja Warrior challenge, filled with unexpected dips and sudden elevations. The patchwork style of pavements is composed of varying ages and levels of upkeep, rubbing pedestrians in the face of the growing pains encountered by many developing nations.

Over the years, older pavements have settled and sagged, resulting in rollercoaster-esque bumps and dips. The absence of consistent maintenance worsens the situation, leading to the formation of potholes and poorly executed repairs that usually involve shovelling concrete in and calling it a day.

These challenges are more difficult to fix thanks to Malaysia’s tropical climate, coupled with the diverse soil types that contribute to pavement instability. Expansive soils swell like a sponge when wet and shrink back like a deflated balloon in dry conditions. This phenomenon wreaks havoc on pavements, particularly in regions characterised by high clay content, where soil movements dramatically undermine the integrity of the roadways.

Adding to the complexity, there is a continued need for upgrades and repairs to underground utilities such as water and electricity lines. These essential upgrades and repairs often require excavating trenches across existing pavements, a process that, if not restored meticulously, can leave behind a patchwork of uneven surfaces that challenge even the most adept pedestrians.

While the lush greenery that defines Malaysia is a point of pride, it also poses its own challenges. In their quest for water and nutrients, tree roots exert significant force as they grow. This bubbling underground activity can lead to the lifting and cracking of pavement slabs, especially around mature trees that have established extensive root systems over the years.

In attempts to divert the issue, many Malaysian pavements feature circular holes or tree pits that are strategically placed to accommodate trees. These holes serve several important functions. First, they provide the necessary space for tree roots to grow and expand, preventing them from creeping out onto the pavement and causing damage. Additionally, the holes allow rainwater to effectively seep directly into the tree's roots, ensuring adequate hydration during dry periods. They also improve air circulation around the tree's base, which supports healthy root growth and helps to prevent root rot.

But the question remains. How do families with strollers or disabled pedestrians navigate around such features? It is not uncommon tzo see people hopping over or squeezing around the hole just to not step foot on the road.

To address these challenges, Starbiz7 reached out to Veritas Design Group principal and director Azril Amir Jaafar and he emphasised the importance of proper sidewalk design for accessibility, safety and long-term health.

“Pavements form the backbone of pedestrian mobility in urban environments. In Kuala Lumpur, where urban density is high, well-maintained sidewalks can significantly influence pedestrian behaviour and travel patterns. Proper design and maintenance help accommodate increased foot traffic, promote walking, reduce reliance on vehicles and ease traffic congestion. In a tropical city, effective pavement design is essential in ensuring comfort and safety in an environment marked by high temperatures and frequent rain,” said Azril.

“A cornerstone of any effective urban mobility strategy is ensuring that pedestrian infrastructure is accessible to all individuals, including those with disabilities, the elderly and families with young children. Implementing Universal Design principles in pavement construction can have a transformative impact on pedestrian mobility. In Kuala Lumpur, features such as curb cuts and ramps need to be given greater attention to facilitate access for wheelchair users while tactile walking surfaces can assist visually impaired individuals. Additionally, spacious sidewalks that accommodate walking alongside strollers or shopping carts are vital. Ensuring that pavements are free from obstructions, such as parked motorcycles or clutter, further contributes to an inclusive urban environment,” he continued.

Different trees maybe?

Tree holes serve as a strategy to help manage root-related issues, but certain tree species can still pose challenges. Fast-growing trees like ficus and rubber trees tend to exhibit aggressive root growth, which can lead to noticeable upheaval in surrounding areas. As these trees mature, their roots expand significantly in their quest for water and nutrients, increasing the risk of damaging pavement and infrastructure.

Moreover, poorly designed tree pits can worsen these situations. When tree pits lack adequate space, roots are often confined and forced to seek alternative paths, which can include pushing beneath pavements. This ongoing search for resources can create serious complications for urban landscapes, ultimately highlighting the need for thoughtful planning in tree placements.

Getting to the root of the problem

Addressing the issue of uneven pavements and tree root damage can be effectively managed through a range of strategies. First and foremost, regular maintenance is essential. By conducting consistent inspections and making prompt repairs, we can prevent minor issues from escalating and ensure that our pavements remain in good condition.

Incorporating permeable pavements can significantly enhance water drainage, reducing soil erosion and mitigating the impact of expansive soils. Furthermore, selecting tree species with less aggressive root systems is vital for minimising the risk of pavement damage.

Implementing root barriers around tree pits can also help direct root growth away from pavements, maintaining their integrity. It is equally important to promote community awareness regarding the significance of proper tree care and the effects of root systems. Engaging residents in tree maintenance initiatives can foster responsible planting and care practices.

Green infrastructure also has a part to play. “Incorporating green infrastructure into pavement design is particularly beneficial in tropical cities like Kuala Lumpur. The implementation of trees, shrubs and permeable materials along sidewalks can help manage stormwater runoff, mitigate flooding and improve overall urban resilience. Tree canopies not only provide shade for pedestrians, enhancing comfort in hot weather but they also improve air quality and promote biodiversity in urban spaces. Moreover, green streets contribute to the ecological health of urban areas by supporting local flora and fauna, which in turn enriches the community’s experience of nature in the city,” shared Azril.

“Incorporating bioswales and rain gardens along pavements can help capture and filter stormwater, reducing excess runoff and the risk of urban flooding—a common issue during the monsoon season in Kuala Lumpur. This approach not only protects pedestrian pathways from water accumulation but also contributes to the overall sustainability of urban infrastructure,” he concluded.

By adopting these strategies, Malaysia can achieve smoother, safer and more sustainable pavements. This not only enhances the pedestrian experience but also supports the preservation of valuable urban green spaces.

This article was first published in Starbiz7.

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